Locke and Latham (1990) conducted a review of 201 studies which had investigated the effects of goal setting within a business environment, and discovered more than 90% showed a positive effect of goal setting on performance outcome. Research within the sport domain has also produced strong evidence for the use of goal setting. Burton and Weiss (2008) completed a review of 88 sporting studies and found 70 of them (80%) had demonstrated significant positive goal setting effects. But how does goal setting work?........